Bilingual upbringing and an adjective complement

The Economist’s Johnson has an interesting article about bringing up children speaking two languages, but it also has a particular point of interest of its own. Johnson writes of “Children raised bilingual o or more multilingual”. I would certainly have used adverbs here (bilingually or multilingually) but the adjective complements seem to work. We understand “Children raised [to be] bilingual or multilingual”.

But could we have “Children raised happy” or “healthy”? I think not, presumably because the languages that a child speaks are entirely within the power of the parents with no element of chance, justifying the purpose implicit in the ellipted infinitive.

Comments

[Barrie England]

Isn’t it to do with the meaning of ‘raise’? ‘Raised happily’ and ‘raised healthily’ seem to mean something different.

[Peter Harvey]

In what way? They could mean 'in a happy/healthy' environment with the adverb referring to the parents' way of doing things, or it could mean 'being happy/healthy' from the child's point of view.

[Barrie England]

Raised happily = raised in a happy manner.

Raised happy = raised in such a way that happiness was the result.

Or something. Perhaps.